The square wave was the particular waveform that NASA found to be the most effective for healing and regeneration. They found specifically that low intensity, low frequency (around 10 Hz) and a rapid rise and fall (which both the saw tooth and square wave have) was the most ideal signal. In fact, they found that lower intensity worked better than higher intensity, and the lower frequencies worked better than the higher frequencies. And the rapid rise and fall saw tooth and square wave worked better than a sine wave or the more simplistic waveforms that don’t have a rapid rise and fall.

The NASA study concluded, “The most effective electromagnetic field for repair of trauma was square wave with a rapid rate of change (dB/dT) – means the change in the magnetic field intensity with respect to time – which saw cell growth increased up to 4.0 times.” The NASA study further noted that “slowly varying (millisecond pulse, sine wave) or non varying DC (CW lasers, magnets) had little to no effect.”